These poems of "Kings and Queens" seem to be turning into history lessons - and today is no exception.
I am posting below an excerpt from William Shakespeare's play "Richard II".
Firstly though, some comments on the monarch's life - and death:
Richard II (6 January 1367 – 14 February 1400) was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan "The Fair Maid of Kent". He was born in Bordeaux and became his father's successor when his elder brother died in infancy.
He became King at the age of 10, and reigned until he was 32, when he was deposed by Henry Bolingbroke, who was the son and heir of John of Gaunt.
Bolingboke became a threat to Richard and he banished him for ten years on a spurious pretext. After Gaunt's death, Richard also confiscated Bolingbroke's lands.
Some historians have seen this as an act designed to bring greater harmony to England. Bolingbroke's inheritance was huge, large enough to be seen as a small state within the greater state of England and thus an obvious obstacle on the path of a unified and peaceful England.
At this point Richard left for a campaign in Ireland, allowing Bolingbroke the opportunity to land in Yorkshire with an army provided by the King of France to reclaim his father's lands.
Richard's autocratic ways, deeply unpopular with many nobles, facilitated Bolingbroke's gaining control quickly of most of southern and eastern England.
Bolingbroke had originally just wanted his inheritance and a reimposition of the power of the Lords Appellant, accepting Richard's right to be king. But by the time Richard finally arrived back on the mainland in Wales, a tide of discontent had swept England. In the King's absence, Bolingbroke, who was generally well-liked, was being urged to take the crown himself.
Richard was captured at Flint Castle in Wales and taken to London, where crowds pelted him with rubbish.
He was held in the Tower of London and eventually forced to abdicate. He was brought, on his request, before Parliament, where he officially renounced his crown and thirty-three official charges (including ‘vengeful sentences given against lords’) were made against him.
He was not permitted to answer the charges. Parliament then accepted Henry Bolingbroke (Henry IV) as the new king.
Richard was placed in Pontefract Castle,Yorkshire and died there in 1400.
Some say that he was murdered, but others believe that he died of starvation, refusing to take nourishment.

Richard II is murdered at Pontefract Castle
We join Shakespeare's play at Act III Scene ii
Richard has returned from Ireland and, despite his earlier optimism, he is in despair that Bolingbroke is gaining the support of the country.
He says he is an ordinary man and not divine. He is not immortal.
The Bishop of Carlisle attempts to comfort the king and tells him to shake himself out of his mood of despondency and fight.
KING RICHARD:
For God's sake, let us sit upon the ground
And tell sad stories of the death of kings;
How some have been deposed; some slain in war,
Some haunted by the ghosts they have deposed;
Some poison'd by their wives: some sleeping kill'd;
All murder'd: for within the hollow crown
That rounds the mortal temples of a king
Keeps Death his court and there the antic sits,
Scoffing his state and grinning at his pomp,
Allowing him a breath, a little scene,
To monarchize, be fear'd and kill with looks,
Infusing him with self and vain conceit,
As if this flesh which walls about our life,
Were brass impregnable, and humour'd thus
Comes at the last and with a little pin
Bores through his castle wall, and farewell king!
Cover your heads and mock not flesh and blood
With solemn reverence: throw away respect,
Tradition, form and ceremonious duty,
For you have but mistook me all this while:
I live with bread like you, feel want,
Taste grief, need friends: subjected thus,
How can you say to me, I am a king?
BISHOP OF CARLISLE:
My lord, wise men ne'er sit and wail their woes,
But presently prevent the ways to wail.
To fear the foe, since fear oppresseth strength,
Gives in your weakness strength unto your foe,
And so your follies fight against yourself.
Fear and be slain; no worse can come to fight:
And fight and die is death destroying death;
Where fearing dying pays death servile breath.
William Shakespeare



































